A class is named a concrete class when it has a name and implements every remaining method that is declared along the class hierarchy. Another type of interfaces are such without any declared method and are fully accepted as a marker interface. https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/javaOO/anonymousclasses.html, https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/IandI/override.html, http://www.journaldev.com/2752/java-8-interface-changes-static-method-default-method, https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/IandI, http://mrbool.com/what-is-marker-interface-in-java/28557, How To Perform OCR on a Photograph of a Receipt Using Java, Building an IoT Security Camera With Raspberry Pi and Render. Both an interface as well as an abstract class can be instantiated in a manner of an anonymous class. Prentice Hall. docs.oracle.org (n.d.) Anonymous Classes. While member variables of an interface are explicitly public and final, an abstract class does not sanction their members about access modifiers. Available from: http://mrbool.com/what-is-marker-interface-in-java/28557. Available from: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/IandI. [10 February 2017]. Combining a super or an abstract class with some interfaces is also a wide acknowledged way for characterizing a concrete class. JournalDev. Available from: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/IandI/override.html. [11 February 2017]. Available from: http://www.journaldev.com/2752/java-8-interface-changes-static-method-default-method. docs.oracle.com (n.d.) Lesson: Interfaces and Inheritance. Along with the hierarchy, its supertypes become a more general representation of the acting domain, and finally goes beyond that border and ends with the fact that almost everything is an object. mrbool.com (n.d.) What is Marker interface in Java? 
Available from: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/javaOO/anonymousclasses.html. (2016) Java 8 Interface Changes static method, default method. Since Java 1.8, an interface can implement default methods to provide a general behavior (Panka, 2016). 
Panka, J. Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own. In Java, such tangible implementations can be explicitly emphasized with the annotation @Override that indicates a deviation of manner (docs.oracle.org, n.d.). Polymorphism is given when more than one class implements a particular method differently based on a classs nature. [9 February 2017]. Both an abstract class and an interface can implement static methods. This comparison emphasizes the advantage of an abstract class over an interface focused on the calculation of the angle between two straight lines. 
(Martin, 2009). The abstract class can inherit features from another concrete or abstract class, and can enrich further behavior while adding interfaces. The polymorphism stops at that point, where a concrete implementation of a method becomes final. Oracle. In this article, the focus is on two of three kinds of supertypes they distinguish from their essential characteristics. [10 February 2017]. docs.oracle.org (n.d.) Overriding and Hiding Methods. They merely indicate the compliance from a developer that, for example, a class is serializable (java.io.Serializable) or cloneable (java.lang.Cloneable) (mrbool.com, n.d.). They both characterize concrete classes. [9 February 2017]. An abstract class is ultimately very close to a concrete implementation. Whatever an interface defines, it can be used anywhere and may enrich an object with specific behaviors. Oracle. 
An interface allows only inheritance from another interface. The distinguishable behavior is gained through declaring abstract methods, which need to be implemented in a specific class. (docs.oracle.com, n.d.). Join the DZone community and get the full member experience. A default method is always public and is in contrast to an abstract method that accepts either default, protected, or public as an access modifier. Typically, an abstract class implements common behaviors and member variables across any concrete class, and its method might have already specified an interface. [Kindle]. As methods in an abstract class can also be private, it makes such a class most appropriate for encapsulating private methods while breaking down the complexity of shared methods into smaller pieces. A supertype can be either a concrete class that is apparently not final, an abstract class or even one or more interfaces. 
Moreover, there is a small difference with a significant effect regarding possible access modifiers for a default method in interfaces. [11 February 2017]. Martin, R. C. (2009) Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship. Over 2 million developers have joined DZone. This example is very close to the prior one, but is distinguished by a mix of interface and abstract classes. Consequently, both an abstract class and an interface approach each other regarding their features. However, both an interface and an abstract class can be used for that purpose while the first does not go in line with Martins suggestions about clean code. 
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